Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice - 2083 Words

The Enlightenment was a radical intellectual, philosophical and cultural movement that spread throughout Western Europe during the 18th century. Defined by its reliance on reason and individualism, this era replaced the traditional view of the authoritative power of institutions with an emphasis on the importance of freedom to think for oneself. This shift in focus to individual thought brought with it the freedom to question society, morals, religions, and customs. Written during the height of this movement, Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice captures much of the complexity of this new Age of Reason. The main character, Elizabeth, is nothing if not individualistic. From the very beginning of the novel, she demonstrates a demand for self-expression, evidenced in her conversations at the dinner at Rosings, in which Elizabeth was â€Å"ready to speak whenever there was an opening† and responded to Lady Catherine’s inquiries about her sisters with confidence and comp osure, suspecting herself to â€Å"be the first creature who had ever dared to trifle with Lady Catherine with so much dignified impertinence† (Austen 125). Elizabeth’s interactions at Rosings illustrate her refusal to accept and be ruled by the social conventions and expectations of her time. As such, Elizabeth relies on her own reasoning to rationalize the world around her, and in turn creates a series of personal paradigms by which she leads her life. However, in an effort to stubbornly defend these ideals, Elizabeth fallsShow MoreRelatedJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1231 Words   |  5 Pagesfinancial stability. In the novel Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen states that the desire for better social connections interferes with the workings of love through the relationship between Darcy and Elizabeth to criticize the social class structure of the 19th century. Anxieties about social connections or the desire for better social connections, interfere with the workings of love. Darcy and Elizabeth s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that Jane Austen views love as something independentRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1294 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen s exceptional novel Pride and Prejudice has been depicted as a classic that is as much a social study on class, marriage and gender as it is a romantic tale. It is an amusing representation of the social atmosphere of the late eighteenth and mid nineteenth century England, and it is primarily required with courtship rituals of the English high class. The novel is more than a romantic tale, however through Austen s subtle, and ironic style, it addresses gender, class, and marriageRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice992 Words   |  4 Pages It is unfortunate that many people tend to dismiss Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, as simply a roman tic love story, even labeling it a â€Å"chick flick.† Upon a shallow reading, it may appear to be such, but a closer look at the novel reveals so much more embedded in the story. In addition to describing the entertaining relationship between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy, the novel serves to forward Austen s personal values and ideas. Furthermore, there is one issue of her era that she particularlyRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1138 Words   |  5 PagesPride and Prejudice is a novel about the superficiality of marriage during the late 19th and early 20th century, which largely influenced the decisions made by individuals, based on connections and social rankings. The novel takes its characters through various changes influenced by their decision to or rather not to marry certain individuals. It begins not by a man desiring to marry for love, but by a mother who desires nothing more than to marry her daughters well. As the novel develops, Jane AustenRead MoreJane A usten s Pride And Prejudice1211 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was greatly influenced by the time period in which it was written, This novel follows the story of Elizabeth Bennet and her sisters as they are faced with marriage proposals. The marriage and roles of women in this time period are shown throughout this story. During the time Austen was writing this novel, a woman’s role for her family changed. Daughters started to become a way for their family to achieve more money. Because their family depended on this financialRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1675 Words   |  7 PagesIn Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, she has specific criteria that her characters follow when choosing their mates. In today’s society, most couples still follow these criteria and more when choosing their ideal mate. What are these important criteria that Austen’s characters consider when choosing a mate? For Austen, the important cr iteria that she has for choosing a mate are that couples are personally compatible, they are in love with each other, and they must have a good moral character. Read MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1678 Words   |  7 PagesAfter reading Jane Austen’s most popular piece of work, the effects of the high societal expectations can be acknowledged through viewing the lives of the Bennet family and friends and noting such effects. Through the examination of the characters in Pride and Prejudice it is easily deciphered between marriages based upon true love and marriage based upon the expectations of society. Society’s main goal for woman in the Victorian era was marriage. As seen many in Pride and Prejudice, marriage wasRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1434 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was considered a radical novel back in 1813 when she wrote and published the piece. It is a social commentary on the treatment and societal standards of women, as well marriage expectations at the turn of the 19th century. Austen criticizes the patriarchal society, materialism, double standards of men and women by centering the book around Elizabeth Bennett, a young woman of decent means who does not understand the reason for the pressure to find a suitable husbandRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1468 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished over time. In Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice Elizabeth Bennet is the main character who is a lady in the Regency Era. Elizabeth lives in Longbourn with her parents, Mr and Mrs Bennet and her four sisters. In the beginning of the novel, Elizabeth s prejudice mindset and strong opinion blinds her from realizations happening around her. Soon, Elizabeth s prejudice disappears allowing her to open up and fall in love. Throughout Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth growsRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn her novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen is pre-occupied with the theme of marriage. Marriage is a central issue of a woman’s life but it was even more crucial for the women of her society where women were largely dependent on the men in their lives. As a result, women pursued socio-economic stability through marriage. However, it is clear through the novel that Austen did not agree with this part of her society. In Pride and Prejudice, she gives preference to a marriage which is based on love

The Role of Nigerian National Assembly in the Budget Process

THE ROLE OF NIGERIAN NATIONAL ASSEMBLY IN THE BUDGET PROCESS A PAPER WRITTEN BY DANIEL OMOLEWA OGUNSOLA APRIL, 2009 Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 3 2. Introduction 4 3. Balance of Budgetary Powers 5 4. The National Assembly in Nigeria’s Budget Process 7 4.1. Legal Framework 8 4.2. Institutional capacity 10 4.2.1 Effective Appropriation Committee Capacity 10 4.2.1 Establishment of a Budget Office 10 a. Journey So Far 11 b. Challenges 11 c. Prospects 11 4.3 Political Will of Individual Legislators 11 5. Budget Implementation 12 6. Conclusion 14 1. Executive Summary The paper seeks to analyse the three identified variables as determining the actual role of the Nigerian legislature in the budget process. The†¦show more content†¦Also, Nigeria’s quest to meet the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) is frustrated by this development. 3. Balance of Budgetary Powers When presenting the 2006 budget to the National Assembly, the then Senate President, in his speech stated that â€Å" The National Budget is an important policy tool, hence the constitution requires Mr. President to present, and the National Assembly to approve, estimates of the revenues and expenditures of the Federation for the next financial year, which in Nigeria follows the lunar year. The power to approve includes the power to analyse, debate, amend and enact into law the estimates presented by Mr. President. The principle of separated institutions sharing power† is clearly illustrated in budgeting†. During the 2009 budget cycle, the legislature not only reduced some important expenditure items as proposed by the executive, the National Assembly also took liberty to increase allocation for several items and introduce several new items into the budget. The National Assembly, as stated by the Chairman of the Committee on Appropriation, however made effort to comply with overriding macro-economic projections of the executive and endeavoured to stay within the general principle of the budget. In my own opinion, the legislature pushed the frontiers of citizens, pro-poor budgeting a step further, by inserting development projects to be cited in each federal constituencyShow MoreRelatedCorruption Of The Silent Killer Essay1533 Words   |  7 PagesNigeria is the oil sector; it is also the sector with the most corruption. Officials shorten the revenue gotten from oil import and export, leaving the nation in a serious state of crisis and debt. The Central Bank of Nigeria reported that the Nigerian National Petroleum Co-operation (NNPC) has not paid a sum of twenty billion dollars ($20 billion) (Thisdaylive). In addition, recent statistics have shown that the debt woes of the nation are increasing further as the economy depreciates(vanguard). CommunitiesRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Social Media6162 Words   |  25 PagesMedia Tracking Centre and the 2011 Nigerian Elections Shehu Musa Yar’Adua Foundation About the Authors Dr. Judith Burdin Asuni is the Executive Director of Academic Associates PeaceWorks, a Nigerian NGO working in the fields of conflict management, peace and development and peace education. Dr. Asuni has researched and written extensively on conflicts in Nigeria, particularly in the Niger Delta. AA PeaceWorks has established a social media team to engage Nigerian youth on their participation inRead MoreInformation and Communication Technology as Bedrock of the Nation13285 Words   |  54 PagesThese are:(i) (ii) (iii) Information and Communications Technology; Biotechnology; and Bio-resources Research and Development. This policy recognizes the tremendous challenges and opportunities offered Nigerians by these three. 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Specifically, the following periods are discussed: the pro-oil boom decade (1960-70); the period of the oil boom (1971 1977); the period of stabilisation and structural adjustment (1986 - 1993) and the period of guided deregulation (1994 -1998).GENERAL PERFORMANCE OF THE ECONOMY Read MoreCounselling in Nigeria6031 Words   |  25 PagesFOOD PROCESSING AND STORAGE TECHNOLOGY, MICHAEL OKPARA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, UMUDIKE, ABIA STATE, NIGERIA HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING IN NIGERIA Man from pre-historic times have been having challenges and solving them. Nigerians in the traditional set-up before the advent of formalized guidance and counselling had problems and they were solving them through what Iwuama (1991, 2003) called traditional guidance. This is any type of assistance given to somebody in need. 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This is because they contribute to the creation of employment, free competitive market environments, inputs for largeRead MoreSwot Analysis and Organisational Development in the Nigerian Public Sector4882 Words   |  20 PagesSWOT ANALYSIS AND ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC SERVICE BY IBRAHIM MOHAMMED LAWAL SWOT ANALYSIS AND ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC SERVICE ABSTRACT The public service in Nigeria has suffered setbacks which are largely attributed to ineffective and inefficient management. The general poor service delivery of public service organizations can be attributable to the inability of these organizations to develop proper

Crisis Impact on Sustainability Reporting

Question: Discuss about the Crisis Impact on Sustainability Reporting. Answer: Introduction This study aims to identify the actual liabilities of the auditors in the current as well as past business context. In the beginning, the study focuses on the liabilities of the auditors in the general context. After that, the discussion in the study moves towards the liabilities that the auditors in the business organizations had during the global financial crisis. During the discussion, special emphasis is made on the incident of Lehman Brothers collapse during the global financial crisis in 2008. Critical analysis is made on the situation in order to identify the issues or loopholes that the auditors must avoid during auditing. Discussing on the concept of auditors liability In the words of Hall, Judd and Sunder (2016), the auditors in a business organization are liable for the providing the assurance that the financial and other operational information provided by the organization are true and fair. At the same time, the auditors of the companies are also liable to prevent any kind of financial fraud within the companies. The financial experts says that auditing is the essential work, which provides the assurance that the financial reports of the companies are disclosing true and fair view of the companies financial positions. Whittle, Mueller and Carter (2016) noted an auditor must be completely aware of the liabilities of detecting the financial frauds and mistakes in the financial reports of the firms. An auditor is liable for conducting mainly two types of audits internal audit and statutory audit. Though, in these two types of audits, the liabilities of the auditors are not different. In the internal audit, the auditors liability is to investigate or check the financial and operational documents and reports of the particular departments in the organization. The internal audit can be divided into three sub-categories product audit, process audit and system audit (Chen, Krishnan and Yu 2016). In case of product audit, the auditors check whether the products of the company are as per the required quality or not. In the process audit, the auditors check the operational process within the organization and in case of the system audit, the auditing is done on the management system. On the other side, in case of the statutory audit, the auditors are liable to check the financial reports and other operational documents of the company at the end of the financial year (Geiger, Raghunandan and Riccardi 2013). The statutory audit can be done on periodic basis. According to Antonia Garca-Benau, Sierra-Garcia and Zorio (2013), auditing is one of the most important activities for the business organization. Hence, the liability of the auditor is huge in case of maintaining the sustainability of the organizations. General liabilities of the auditors According to Sikka (2015), an auditor is liable for planning and executing the audit program in order to identify whether the financial statements presented by the company includes any misinterpretation or not. The auditor is also liable for providing personal opinion regarding the financial position and reporting standards of the company. Many times people think that fraud detection is the only liability that auditors have, but in actual sense auditors have many other responsibilities or liabilities like, identifying the risks involved in the financial statements or reports of the company, providing the guidance to the companies regarding the accounting techniques and expressing their views regarding the financial position of the company (Geiger, Raghunandan and Riccardi 2013). An auditor is liable for conducting different kinds of activities. In order to perform the proper auditing, the auditors must take care of the following liabilities: An auditor is one of the most liable persons for maintaining the transparency level in the financial reporting of the company. The auditors must investigate about the organization and its business activities by asking several questions to the employees and management personnel of the company. At the same time, the auditors are also liable for understanding the internal control system of the company through proper investigation (Hall, Judd and Sunder 2016). It is the liability of the auditors to perform an examination in order to verify each transaction took place within the company in a particular financial year. Along with the financial statements, the auditors are also responsible for testing the other documents related to the other business activities of the company. The auditors also require examining the supporting documents for financial reports or statements (Ntim, Lindop and Thomas 2013). The auditors of a company are also liable for confirming the reliability of each of the ledger accounts in the financial records of the company. Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be said that therefore several activities for which the auditors of the companies are liable. The above mentioned responsibilities make the job of auditing critical but it helps providing proper assurance to the company regarding their financial position in a financial year. Global financial crisis and auditors liability In the above discussion, it has been identified that in a business organization, the auditors have huge liability and the future of the business depends on the extent to which the auditors are aware of their liabilities. However, in this context Sikka (2015) stated that the business organizations may face several problems if the auditors do not play active role in the field of auditing. If the incident of global financial crisis in 2008 is considered, then it can be identified that many financial experts have stated that the big audit firms like, KPMG, PWC and Deloitte were responsible for the global financial crisis. In the words of Garca-Benau, Sierra-Garcia and Zorio (2013), the big audit firms played their role within the legal boundary but that was not up to the standard or as per the requirements. In support of this, Ntim, Lindop and Thomas (2013) noted that the global financial crisis took place because of weak communication between the large audit firms. The audit firms, which were responsible for the audit in banks, did not share important information regarding the financial positions of the banks in UK. On the contrary, Geiger, Raghunandan and Riccardi (2013) commented that auditors were not primarily responsible for the global financial crisis or financial crisis in the banks in UK and USA. The financial crisis primarily took place because of the wrong decisions taken by the banks regarding the lending and investing, wrong understanding regarding the risk factors and wrong credit rating system. Though the auditing firms or the auditors were not primarily responsible for the global financial crisis, still it cannot be said that the auditors played their role actively. After the global financial crisis in 2008, the head of PwC, US stated that the auditors of the companies before the financial crisis should have guided the companies regarding the improvements of the financial reporting. At the same time, Geiger, Raghunandan and Riccardi (2013) mentioned that before the financial crisis, the auditors also showed less effort on analyzing the valuations techniques applied by the banks and other large financial organizations. Before the financial crisis, the large banks in US and UK held huge amount of questionable assets like, collateralized obligations on the balance sheet or mortgage-backed securities. However, the auditors did not bother to check those questionable assets and their valuation techniques and guide the banks in order to improve their actual financial positions (Chen, Krishnan and Yu 2016). In the investigation after the global financial crisis, it has been identified that during the crisis period, most of the banks and other financial institutions valued their assets as per their own models. Though the banks and financial institutions were audited by the same audit firm, the audit firm did not mention anything about the differences in the assets valuation models of the organizations. For example, Goldman and AIG both valued their assets in their own assets valuation models and faced huge losses during the crisis. These two organizations were audited by the same audit firm that is PwC, bu t PwC did not mention that two firms were following different assets valuation models (Ft.com 2017). Therefore, the above discussion is indicating that in the legal sense, the job of the audit firm was proper during the financial crisis but technically the job done by the audit firms had loopholes. These loopholes in the activities of the audit firms took place because of the negligence. The negligence of the audit firms influenced the global financial crisis to high extent. The situation can be better understood if the case of any particular company during the crisis period is considered. Below, the analysis is done based on the particular case of Lehman Brothers collapse during the period of global financial crisis. Analyzing the liability of auditors in the collapse of Lehman Brothers In the above discussion, it has been identified that the negligence of the auditors was one of the major reasons behind the global financial crisis. If the particular case of Lehman Brothers is considered, then it can be identified that the auditor of Lehman Brothers was Ernst Young. After the collapse of Lehman Brothers, it has been argued by many financial analysts or experts that Ernst Young has not shown proper professionalism while auditing the financial reports of Lehman Brothers. However, in this context, Wiggins, Bennett and Metrick (2014) stated that before the global financial crisis, it was approved by the government that auditors of any firm will have limited liabilities. The audit firms were engaged with the organizations as per the LLP law. This particular law allowed the audit firms taking the liability of their client firms only to certain extent. Jones and Presley (2013) commented that the limited liability partnership actually influenced the negligence of the audit firms. In the investigation, it was identified that the financial interpretation done by Lehman Brothers was not proper. However, Ernst Young failed rather neglected this factor. At the same time, Kershaw and Moorhead (2013) noted that the structure of the business activities of the company was much complex as well as low standard, but the audit firm that is Ernst Young did not suggest anything to the company. Wiggins and Metrick (2014) argued that Lehman Brothers showed healthier financial position by misinterpreting the financial statement. This was not a tough job for Ernst Young identifying the factor that the financial statements of Lehman Brothers were misinterpreted. Wiggins, Piontek and Metrick (2014) commented that the tactics applied by Lehman Brother to hide their actual financial position were known to Ernst Young, but the audit firm did not bother to investigate further on the financial reporting standards applied by Lehman Brother. Due to this, the Repo 105 used by the firm was not disclosed. However, Mahon (2015) mentioned that it is not right to consider Ernst Young responsible for the collapse of Lehman Brothers because the audit firm that is Ernst Young checked the financial reporting of Lehman Brothers and it was identified by the firm that Lehman Brothers prepared and presented by financial reports as per the rules and regulations in GAAP (Generally Accepted Account ing Principles) (The Guardian 2017). However, on the contrary, Lubben and Woo (2014) stated that certain reduction in the gearing ratio of Lehman Brothers by 0.9 should have captured the attention of Ernst Young regarding the financial reporting of the company. In support of this, Presley and Jones (2014) noted that no questions were raised from the end of Ernst Young regarding the sudden change in the gearing ratio of the company. At the same time, Gottschalk (2015) suggested that the regulatory framework in the country in respect to accounting and finance was much weak, which created the scope of doing financial fraudulence by different large financial and other institutions or organizations. In the analysis of the particular case of Lehman Brothers collapse, it can be said that the audit firm or Ernst Young performed their job without taking any actual responsibility. The overall aim of auditing was not met by Ernst Young. After auditing, it is the duty of the auditors to provide their opinion regarding the financial reporting and financial statements of the company (Nguyen 2016). The auditor can provide the opinion only after checking each document of the company carefully. However, after the collapse of Lehman Brothers and global financial crisis, it has been mentioned by the governments of different countries that while auditing the financial statements and reports of any company, it is the duty of the auditors to check each transaction in detail. The responsibility of the auditors is not limited to the certain extent. It is possible that though the companies have followed the rules and regulations stated under GAAP, there are misinterpretations or manipulation of t he financial statements (Lwaltd.com 2017). Therefore, it is the responsibility of the auditors to provide their opinion after checking the financial information of the company thoroughly. Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be said that the audit company Ernst Young was partially liable for the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Ernst Young did not fulfill the requirements of auditing properly. If the auditor would have done critical examination of the financial statements of Lehman Brothers, then it could identify the financial misstatements or manipulations done by the company. This particular case of Lehman Brothers indicates that the responsibility of the auditors is not limited; the auditors are responsible for each financial activity done by the client company. Conclusion: In this study, it has been identified that an auditor has huge liabilities. The liability of the auditor is not limited to fraud detection; the auditor is liable for maintaining strong internal control system and at the same time providing best financial suggestions to the company. During the discussion, the study has identified that there are mainly two types of audit that the auditors generally do statutory audit and internal audit. The study has also indicated that the liability of the auditor is not different in case of statutory audit and internal audit. The study has also identified several general liabilities of auditors and some of those liabilities or responsibilities are detecting the financial frauds or misstatements in the financial statements of the company, checking the internal control system of the company and suggesting the company proper financial reporting standards. At the same time, the study has also identified that auditors were liable for the global financial crisis during 2008. The study has found out that in case of Lehman Brothers collapse, the audit firm of the company that is Ernst Young was partially responsible. This is because the Ernst Young did not check properly the financial statements or reporting of the company. There were several signs, which were indicating the manipulations in the financial statement; however, Ernst Young ignored those. Recommendations: The above discussions in the study provide the following recommendations: Every audit firm must conduct critical analysis of each of the transaction taken place in the client company. The audit firm must raise questions to the management of the client company if any suspicious or unusual thing happens or noted in the financial statements. The audit firm must check the assets valuation model of each client company. Reference list: Antonia Garca-Benau, M., Sierra-Garcia, L. and Zorio, A., 2013. Financial crisis impact on sustainability reporting.Management decision,51(7), pp.1528-1542. Chen, L., Krishnan, G.V. and Yu, W., 2016. The Relation between Audit Fee Cuts during the Global Financial Crisis and Earnings Quality and Audit Quality. Ft.com. 2017. [online] Available at: https:///www.ft.com [Accessed 17 Jan. 2017]. Geiger, M.A., Raghunandan, K. and Riccardi, W., 2013. The global financial crisis: US bankruptcies and going-concern audit opinions.Accounting Horizons,28(1), pp.59-75. Gottschalk, P., 2015. Private internal reports as evidence in court: The case of Stangeskovene investigation in Norway. Hall, C., Judd, J.S. and Sunder, J., 2016. The Role of Auditor Portfolios: Evidence from the Financial Crisis.Available at SSRN 2766448. Jones, B. and Presley, T., 2013. Law and accounting: did Lehman Brothers use of repo 105 transactions violate accounting and legal rules?.Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues,16(2), p.55. Kershaw, D. and Moorhead, R., 2013. Consequential Responsibility for Client Wrongs: Lehman Brothers and the Regulation of the Legal Profession.The Modern Law Review,76(1), pp.26-61. Lubben, S.J. and Woo, S.P., 2014. Reconceptualizing Lehman.Tex. Int'l LJ,49, p.297. Lwaltd.com. 2017. Accounting Services Manchester, Sale Warrington | LWA Ltd. [online] Available at: https://www.lwaltd.com/ [Accessed 17 Jan. 2017]. Mahon, K., 2015. Ernst Youngs Involvement with Lehman Brothers Downfall. Nguyen, T.N., 2016. Preventing Corporate Fiascos: Corporate Oversight Organization Unit. InPreventing Corporate Fiascos(pp. 101-107). Palgrave Macmillan US. Ntim, C.G., Lindop, S. and Thomas, D.A., 2013. Corporate governance and risk reporting in South Africa: A study of corporate risk disclosures in the pre-and post-2007/2008 global financial crisis periods.International Review of Financial Analysis,30, pp.363-383. Presley, T.J. and Jones, B., 2014. Lehman Brothers: The Case Against Self-Regulation.Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics,11(2), p.11. Sikka, P., 2015, March. The corrosive effects of neoliberalism on the UK financial crises and auditing practices: A dead-end for reforms. InAccounting Forum(Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 1-18). Elsevier. The Guardian. 2017. News, sport and opinion from the Guardian's US edition | The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com [Accessed 17 Jan. 2017]. Whittle, A., Mueller, F. and Carter, C., 2016. The Big Fourin the spotlight: Accountability and professional legitimacy in the UK audit market.Journal of Professions and Organization, p.jow001. Wiggins, R.Z. and Metrick, A., 2014. The Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy C: Managing the Balance Sheet through the Use of Repo 105.Yale Program on Financial Stability Case Study. Wiggins, R.Z., Bennett, R.L. and Metrick, A., 2014. The Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy D: The Role of Ernst Young.Yale Program on Financial Stability Case Study. Wiggins, R.Z., Piontek, T. and Metrick, A., 2014. The Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy A: Overview.Yale Program on Financial Stability Case Study.

The Sounds of the Unknown Essay Example For Students

The Sounds of the Unknown Essay Try to create a music, which no one has ever heard. It is so broad, new, and unexplored even the creator cannot even place a name for it. As Derrik May put it, We had to crack some serious codes, we did things no one else would do, played music no one else would touch. Those were some brave times (Sicko 67). A name was finally concocted by a group called the Belleville Trio. May, one of the trio, stated, We were calling it techno. Nobody really gave it that name. I think it was just the obvious title for the kind of music we made (Silcott 46). The actual word is said to have originated in Detroit, along with pretty much everything else having to do with it. So, what exactly is techno, and how has it had an influence? In order to comprehend techno, along with its simply deceptive grooves, and how its uprising has brought on a dramatic change in American as well as European culture, there must be a deep reaching with the mind alone into an electronic culture, along with letting the inf luence run through the body. The life of techno is not nearly long enough to recap and write on for even a few paragraphs. There is hardly any sources on techno as well. But, anyone who is living in the twenty-first century can remember hearing the word or its vibe. Here is the beginning. A Roland TB 303 Bass Line Machine started it all. A DJ by the name of Pierre discovered a crazy frequency sound when he was messing with one in his home studio (Silcott 42). DJ Pierre ran the most fluencial group on the global scale, Phuture. The Roland 303 then became discovered as a inticing, great machine. Many of them were used and produced many of the first Acid Tracks (Silcott 44). Although the 303 was originally intended to provide bass lines for a practicing guitarist, it set the record, however, for the birth of techno (Silcott 45). Rarely known to anyone or anything, techno was a freakazoided, undulating, gurgling, psychedelic, wah wah sound that had no meaning, no purpose. In recent history, it has spread to more cultures and countries than any other music (Sicko 16). Its demand is incredible, considering only a small portion of it has main streamed. Techno may not reach to everyone, but it has appeared in large events where millions of people have experienced its voice. For instance, the opening and closing themes for the 1998 Winter Olympics were created by Ken Ishii, a worldwide know artist. Also, a huge event, known as Britains Love Parade, plays techno on throughout the nights. Like any other music form, it is very difficult to pinpoint who exactly was the first artist. One man, known as Juan Atkins, was at least one of the early pioneers. Atkins said, You gotta look at it like, techno is technological (Savage 2). Another famous group, the Dust Brothers, who are better known now as the Chemical Brothers, have had a few hits even in the United States. Since an American production team had the name Dust Brothers, they made the switch to their more well-known title (Rule 3). They brought in a unique style from the U.K. that highly appealed to the U.S. clubs and inhabitants. Other groups, such as Orbital and the Aphex Twins, have also been there since the early days of techno (Savage 1). Atkins met a man named Richard Davis in college. His idea was Hey, lets get everybody together and jam. Atkins had always been making music since he was young so they tried to accomplish making a career out of the music that they loved so much. They had one central idea in techno: the harmony between man and machine (Savage 2). That is where it all began, and started forever growing into an accepted style of music, in the nation, as well as the world. .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e , .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e .postImageUrl , .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e , .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e:hover , .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e:visited , .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e:active { border:0!important; } .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e:active , .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3192ad6fd85d224cfecae64c809a1a3e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Online Dating : The Old World Idea Of Matchmaking With Modern Day Technology EssayThe awakening of techno was a great one. Although in actuality it seems as if techno originated in Europe, it was originally only a few styles brought from there that were perfected and flourished in the United States. An Englishman, by the name of Danny Boyle, produced techno music themes for Shallow Grave and Trainspotting which featured Leftfield and Underworld, respectively (Sicko 16). Most of the exposure to Europe was included in London during promotions form Megadog to make dance music performance work called Midi Circus (Savage 1). However, in America, the adaptations of techno were m uch more rapid and wild-fire-like than those of Europe. American films, like Blade, use many artists instead of just one. Although the soundtracks provide a diverse range of music types, the techno tracks are a unique style that releases a great sense of speed (Sicko 17). The first proven compelling outlet for techno was a show on MTV called Amp. The show put the techno beat to images that were much more memorable (Sicko 17). Where techno really woke up was in Detroit, Michigan. After the originating of the music, and its main streaming, Detroit artists went back working in the Underground, while many other nations were still main streaming into pop (Sicko 162). Even though techno has made the enormous journey from the Detroit neighborhoods to each of the seven continents, America is still its toughest obstacle, which is ironic because that is where techno originated (Sicko 186). The future sound of techno will possibly be put together by many new machines. It represents a radical departure from traditional marketing techniques and the promotion of personalities (Sicko 186). In the present, techno is all about speed. It is a perfect groove for traveling. It has many repetive rhythms, melodies, and other perspectives that give the listener tons of electronic stimulation (Savage 2). The speeds will be enhanced, new musical styles will be produced, and even computer processed rhythms will be recorded. It is a major pop phenomenon, within which everyone lives (Sicko 2). The up and coming effects of techno have already been realized. A man named Alvin Toffler, wrote in The Third Wave, The techno rebels are, whether they recognize it or not, agents of the Third Wave. They will not vanish but multiply in the years ahead (Savage 4). As it has been said, techno will only get larger in the years to come, just as any other music does. The difference with it, though, is that it will keep on going,. Most likely because the style does not actually change, and since it is usually the song known, instead of the artist. So there are no celebrities to follow around and keep track of, just the pure hits. One of the best things that has happened to techno is that it finally caught up to the future it has been serenading for some many years (Sicko 202). In conclusion, techno has had a great influence on society, lives, and culture in America. With just a small glimpse into techno, its simply deceptive grooves, and story, its effect is dramatically dramatized. Through its history, life and events, through the first artists, American and European, through its exposure, and finally its everlasting march through time into the future, it has sent out wavelengths of sound waves that have been interpreted in each and every persons own way. It is so unique it is baffling. It has caused riots, raves, non-stop parties, millionaires, and dead-poor people through its arrival. Techno has, in effect, changed culture in America. Bibliography:Cheeseman, Phil. The History of House. webpage http://www.hyperreal.org/music/library/history_of_house.html. 16 Feb. 2000. Rule, Greg. Electroshock! San Francisco: Miller Freeman, Inc., 1999. .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080 , .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080 .postImageUrl , .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080 , .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080:hover , .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080:visited , .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080:active { border:0!important; } .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080:active , .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080 .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9cf3576b8183efceaaa86200ff0ba080:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Against same sex marriages EssaySavage, John. Machine Soul: A History of Techno. webpage http://www.hyperreal.org/music/library/machine_soul.html. 17 Feb. 2000. Sicko, Dan. Techno Rebels. New York: Billboard Books, Inc., 1999. Silcott, Mireille. Rave America. Toronto, Ontario: ECW Press, 1999.